論文

Jean‑François Mallet, et al.

Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) promotes an intestinal immune response in BALB/c mice and in primary intestinal epithelial cell culture involving toll-like receptors TLR-2 and TLR-4

Eur J Nutr. 2016; 55(1): 139-46.

Loretta Olamigoke, et al.

AHCC Activation and Selection of Human Lymphocytes via Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes to an Adherent Cell Type: A Possible Novel Mechanism of T Cell Activation

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015; 2015: 508746.

高成準ら

Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on the Seasonal Variations of Immune Competence in Healthy Subjects

J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2015; 20(1): 28-34.

Abdelali Daddaoua, et al.

The nutritional supplement Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) has direct immunomodulatory actions on intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages involving TLR/MyD88 and NF-κB/MAPK activation

Food Chem. 2013; 136(3-4): 1288-95.

木村富紀ら

Stabilization of human interferon-α1 mRNA by its antisense RNA

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2013; 70(8): 1451-67.

Won-Woo Lee, et al.

Active Hexose Correlated Compound promotes T helper (Th) 17 and 1 cell responses via inducing IL-1β production from monocytes in humans

Cell Immunol. 2012; 275(1-2): 19-23.

Zhinan Yin, et al.

Effects of active hexose correlated compound on frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing interferon-γ and/or tumor necrosis factor-α in healthy adults

Hum Immunol. 2010; 71(12): 1187-90.

寺川直良ら

Immunological Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Healthy Volunteers: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Nutr Cancer. 2008; 60(5): 643-51.

Mari Kogiso, et al.

Active Hexose Correlated Compound and T Cell Response in Hind-Limb-Unloaded BALB/c Mice

Int J Surg. 2015; 2(5): 32-38.

Francisco Karkow, et al.

AHCC® in Sjögren’s Disease: One Bold Therapeutic Hypothesis

EC Microbiol. 2020; 16(1).

Zaure Zhaparkhanova, et al.

自己免疫性甲状腺疾患における栄養免疫療法：予備試験結果

内分泌学速報. 2018; 2(50): 23-27.

Katie M Love, et al.

A natural immune modulator attenuates stress hormone and catecholamine concentrations in polymicrobial peritonitis

J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2013; 74(6): 1411-8.

Borja Ocón, et al.

Active hexose-correlated compound and Bifidobacterium longum BB536 exert symbiotic effects in experimental colitis

Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(2): 457-66.

Abeed H Chowdhury, et al.

Modulation of T Regulatory and Dendritic Cell Phenotypes Following Ingestion of Bifidobacterium longum, AHCC® and Azithromycin in Healthy Individuals

Nutrients. 2019; 11(10): 2470.

Andrea Del Buono, et al.

Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes for Integrative Cancer Treatment: Immunomodulatory Effects on Lymphocyte Population

World Cancer Research Journal. 2016; 3 (1): e652.

Zhiyun Cao, et al.

Active hexose correlated compound potentiates the antitumor effects of low-dose 5-fluorouracil through modulation of immune function in hepatoma 22 tumor-being mice

Nutr Res Pract. 2015; 9(2): 129-36.

Victoria L Gau, et al.

Potential Role for Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Treatment of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis

J Voice. 2022; 36(4): 441-442.

Judith A Smith, et al.

AHCC® Supplementation to Support Immune Function to Clear Persistent Human Papillomavirus Infections

Front Oncol. 2022; 12: 881902.

三栖茉奈美ら

ハイリスク型ヒトパピローマウイルス感染と分泌型IgA に対するAHCC®の臨床効果

薬理と治療. 2019; 47(11): 1921-1928.

Judith A Smith, et al.

From Bench to Bedside: Evaluation of AHCC Supplementation to Modulate the Host Immunity to Clear High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infections

Front Oncol. 2019; 9: 173.

香月毅史ら

COVID-19の病理と対処法　─重症化予防セルフケアの必要性─

日本健康医学会雑誌 2020年29巻2号 p.142-152

Ali A Rabaan, et al.

SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and advances in developing potential therapeutics and vaccines to counter this emerging pandemic

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2020; 19(1): 40.

Brooke E Roman, et al.

Short-term supplementation with Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) improves the antibody response to influenza B vaccine

Nutr Res. 2013; 33(1): 12-7.

Shoko Nogusa, et al.

Low-dose supplementation with active hexose correlated compound improves the immune response to acute influenza infection in C57BL/6 mice

Nutr Res. 2009; 29(2): 139-43.

Beatriz López-Cauce, et al.

Lentinula edodes extract increases goblet cell number and Muc2 expression in an intestinal inflammatory model of Trichinella spiralis infection

Biomed Pharmacother. 2022; 150: 112937.

Mireia Tena-Garitaonaindia, et al.

A Standardized Extract of Lentinula edodes Cultured Mycelium Inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infectivity Mechanisms

Front Microbiol. 2022; 13: 814448.

Barry W Ritz

Supplementation with active hexose correlated compound increases survival following infectious challenge in mice

Nutr Rev. 2008; 66(9): 526-31.

María-Dolores Tabar, et al.

Leishmaniosis in a cat with chronic diarrhea as the only clinical manifestation

J Vet Intern Med. 2022; 36(2): 753-757.

María Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela, et al.

Nucleotides and AHCC Enhance Th1 Responses In Vitro in Leishmania-Stimulated/Infected Murine Cells

Molecules. 2020; 25(17): 3918.

Rodolfo Oliveira Leal, et al.

Granulomatous rhinitis secondary to feline leishmaniosis: report of an unusual presentation and therapeutic complications

JFMS Open Rep. 2018; 4(2): 2055116918811374.

Sergi Segarra, et al.

Prevention of disease progression in Leishmania infantum-infected dogs with dietary nucleotides and Active Hexose Correlated Compound

Parasit Vectors. 2018; 11(1): 103.

Sergi Segarra, et al.

Randomized, allopurinol-controlled trial of the effects of dietary nucleotides and active hexose correlated compound in the treatment of canine leishmaniosis

Vet Parasitol. 2017; 239: 50-56.

Sergi Segarra.

Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis

Microorganisms 2021; 9(12), 2601

John Salerno, et al.

A Pilot Open-Label Study Assessing the Effects of AHCC® Supplementation on Lyme Disease Patients

Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease. 2019; 2(11): 221-229.

藤田昌樹ら

Attenuation of Pulmonary Mycobacterium Avium Disease by Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Mice

J Nutr Disorders Ther. 2015; 5: 4.

Shuhui Wang, et al.

Oral Administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Enhances Host Resistance to West Nile Encephalitis in Mice

J Nutr. 2009; 139(3): 598-602.

Hernan Aviles, et al.

Active hexose correlated compound activates immune function to decrease bacterial load in a murine model of intramuscular infection

Am J Surg. 2008; 195(4): 537-45.

Tesfaye Belay, et al.

Active Hexose-Correlated Compound Restores Gene Expression and Protein Secretion of Protective Cytokines of Immune Cells in a Murine Stress Model during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection

Infect Immun. 2021; 89(5): e00786-20.

Tesfaye Belay, et al.

Active Hexose Correlated Compound Activates Immune Function to Decrease Chlamydia trachomatis Shedding in a Murine Stress Model

J Nutr Med Diet Care. 2015; 1(1): JNMDC-1-006.

Alba Pérez-Cantero, et al.

Increased Efficacy of Oral Fixed-Dose Combination of Amphotericin B and AHCC® Natural Adjuvant against Aspergillosis

Pharmaceutics. 2019; 11(9): 456.

Sayam Thaiudom, et al.

A study of the efficacy of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in the treatment of chronic Hepatitis C patients at Phramongkutklao Hospital

The Medical News (Thailand). 2010; 325: 13-16.

柳本泰明ら

Efficacy of Lentinula edodes Mycelia Extract on Chemotherapy-Related Tasted Disorders in Pancreatic Cancer Patients

Nutr Cancer. 2023; 75(1): 236-246.

橋本大輔ら

Efficacy of active hexose correlated compound on survival of patients with resectable/borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: a study protocol for a double-blind randomized phase II study

Trials. 2022; 23(1): 135.

藏滿保宏ら

電気泳動法を用いた癌関連蛋白質の解析と臨床への応用

電気泳動. 2021; 65(2): 23-27.

Shajedul Islam, et al.

A standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia downregulates cortactin in gemcitabine‑resistant pancreatic cancer cells

Oncol Lett. 2021; 22(3): 654.

橋本大輔ら

Nutritional impact of active hexose-correlated compound for patients with resectable or borderline-resectable pancreatic cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapy

Surg Today. 2021; 51(11): 1872-1876.

Anarkhuu Bold-Erdene, et al.

Clinical outcomes of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC®) and its effect on chemotherapy related adverse events in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer

Diagnosis. 2018; 83(3): 56-60.

久原啓資ら

CUB Domain-containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) Is Down-regulated by Active Hexose-correlated Compound in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Anticancer Res. 2018; 38(11): 6107-6111.

柳本泰明ら

Alleviating effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on chemotherapy-related adverse events in patients with unresectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Nutr Cancer. 2016; 68(2): 234-40.

徳永雅之ら

Active Hexose-correlated Compound Down-regulates Heat Shock Factor 1, a Transcription Factor for HSP27, in Gemcitabine-resistant Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Anticancer Res. 2015; 35(11): 6063-7.

縄田純也ら

Active Hexose-correlated Compound Down-regulates Sex-determining Region Y-box 2 of Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Anticancer Res. 2014; 34(9): 4807-11.

末永成之ら

Active Hexose-correlated Compound Down-regulates HSP27 of Pancreatic Cancer Cells, and Helps the Cytotoxic Effect of Gemcitabine

Anticancer Res. 2014; 34(1): 141-6.

神山俊哉ら

Preventing Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Hepatectomy With Active Hexose-correlated Compound Derived From Lentinula edodes Mycelia

Integr Cancer Ther. 2022; 21: 15347354211073066.

Zhiyun Cao, et al.

Active hexose correlated compound potentiates the antitumor effects of low-dose 5-fluorouracil through modulation of immune function in hepatoma 22 tumor-being mice

Nutr Res Pract. 2015; 9(2): 129-36.

若命浩二ら

Long-term administration of Active Hexose Correlated Compound as a dietary supplement to a patient after breast cancer surgery and chemotherapy: A case report

Integr Cancer Sci Ther. 2017; 4(1).

Mehran Haidari, et al.

Disruption of endothelial adherens junction by invasive breast cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species and is attenuated by AHCC.

Life Sci. 2013; 93(25-26): 994-1003.

半谷匠ら

Effect of Active Hexose-Correlated Compound in Women Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study

J Altern Complement Med. 2013; 19(11): 905-10.

松井陽一ら

Retrospective Study in Breast Cancer Patients Supplemented with AHCC

Inte J Integr Oncol. 2009; 3(2): 12-16.

志鎌恒太ら

Alleviating effect of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) for anticancer drug-induced side effects in non-tumor-bearing mice

J Exp Ther Oncol. 2009; 8(1): 43-51.

Buxiang Sun, et al.

The effect of active hexose correlated compound in modulating cytosine arabinoside-induced hair loss, and 6-mercaptopurine- and methotrexate-induced liver injury in rodents

Cancer Epidemiol. 2009; 33(3-4): 293-9.

中本大介ら

Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Alleviates Gemcitabine-Induced Hematological Toxicity in Non-Tumor-Bearing Mice

Intern J Clin Med. 2012; 3: 361-367.

Jin Young Choia, et al.

Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) Inhibits the Proliferation of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Suppressing Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Activation

Nutr Cancer. 2018; 70(1): 109-115.

Wineeya Suknikhom, et al.

The Effects of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) on Levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer or Peritoneal Cancer Receiving Platinum Based Chemotherapy

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017; 18(3): 633-638.

住吉義光ら

Dietary Administration of Mushroom Mycelium Extracts in Patients with Early Stage Prostate Cancers Managed Expectantly: A Phase II Study

Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2010; 40(10): 967-72.

Jeffrey Turner, et al.

Dramatic prostate-specific antigen response with activated hemicellulose compound in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Anticancer Drugs. 2009; 20(3): 215-6.

Francesca Paganelli, et al.

The Combination of AHCC and ETAS Decreases Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells, and Reduces the Expression of LGR5 and Notch1 Genes in Cancer Stem Cells: A Novel Potential Approach for Integrative Medicine

Pharmaceuticals. 2021; 14(12): 1325.

Maiko Takahashi, et al.

Activation of NF-E2 p45-related factor-2 transcription and inhibition of intestinal tumor development by AHCC, a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia

J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2019; 65(3): 203-208.

Hong-Jai Park, et al.

AHCC®, a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia, promotes the anti-tumor effect of dual immune checkpoint blockade effect in murine colon cancer

Front Immunol. 2022; 13: 875872.

石塚玲器ら

Personalized Cancer Therapy for Stage IV Lung Cancer: Combined Use of Active Hexose Correlated Compound and Genistein Concentrated Polysaccharide

Pers Med Univers. 2012; 1(1): 39-44.

石塚玲器ら

Review of Cancer Therapy with AHCC(R) and GCP(R); The Long-Term Follow-Up over 12 Years for Stage IV (M1) Cancer of the Lung and the Breast

国際統合医学会誌. 2010; 2(1): 98-111.

Rodney J Hunter, et al.

Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for treatment of ovarian cancer

Int J Appl Res Nat Prod. 2011; 4(3): 6-14.

Lata Mathew, et al.

Evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Combination With Anticancer Hormones in Orthotopic Breast Cancer Models

Integr Cancer Ther. 2017; 16(3): 300-307.

Andrea Del Buono, et al.

Polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes for Integrative Cancer Treatment: Immunomodulatory Effects on Lymphocyte Population

World Cancer Research Journal. 2016; 3 (1): e652.

川口雄才

Improved Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer or Colon Cancer when treated with Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC): Effect of AHCC on digestive system cancer

Natural Medicine Journal. 2009; 1(1).

Kavin Fatehchand, et al.

Active hexose-correlated compound enhances extrinsic-pathway-mediated apoptosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemic cells

PLoS One. 2017; 12(7): e0181729.

Dillip Kumar Parida, et al.

Integrating Complimentary and Alternative Medicine in Form of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in the Management of Head & Neck Cancer Patients

Intern J Clin Med. 2011; 2, 588-592.

Tamer A Badawi, et al.

Immunoprophylactic Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound on Normal and Induced Submandibular Salivary Gland Neoplasm in Albino Rats

Cairo Dental Journal. 2012; 28(1): 485-490.

伊藤壽記ら

Reduction of Adverse Effects by a Mushroom Product, Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Patients with Advanced Cancer during Chemotherapy-The Significance of the Levels of HHV-6 DNA in Saliva as a Surrogate Biomarker during Chemotherapy.

Nutr Cancer. 2014; 66(3): 377-82.

Émilie A Graham, et al.

MicroRNA signature in the chemoprevention of functionally-enriched stem and progenitor pools (FESPP) by Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC)

Cancer Biol Ther. 2017; 18(10): 765-774.

Bruna Corradetti, et al.

Bioactive Immunomodulatory Compounds: A Novel Combinatorial Strategy for Integrated Medicine in Oncology? BAIC Exposure in Cancer Cells

Integr Cancer Ther. 2019; 18: 1534735419866908.

Rosa Mistica Ignacio, et al.

Therapeutic effect of Active Hexose-Correlated Compound (AHCC) combined with CpG-ODN (oligodeoxynucleotide) in B16 melanoma murine model

Cytokine. 2015; 76(2): 131-137.

Zaure Zhaparkhanova, et al.

The effect of aсtive hexose correlated compound on (multi) nodular euthyroid goiter: A double-blind placebo-controlled study

Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan. 2021; 18(2): 66-71.

田中義人ら

Adenosine, a hepato-protective component in active hexose correlated compound: Its identification and iNOS suppression mechanism

Nitric Oxide. 2014; 40: 75-86.

松井康輔ら

Active Hexose Correlated Compound Inhibits the Expression of Proinflammatory Biomarker iNOS in Hepatocytes

Eur Surg Res. 2011; 47(4): 274-83.

奥村忠芳ら

機能性食品AHCCによるiNOS誘導の阻害(in vitro肝細胞を用いた”肝保護効果”を持つ食品のスクリーニング)

食品加工技術. 2010; 30(3): 100-106.

Larry W Coffer, et al.

Evaluation of active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) on phase II drug metabolism pathways and the implications for supplement-drug interactions

J Integr Oncol. 2015; doi:10.4172/2329-6771.1000142.

Claire M Mach, et al.

Evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound Hepatic Metabolism and Potential for Drug Interactions with Chemotherapy Agents

J Soc Integr Oncol. Summer 2008; 6(3): 105-9.

Rachel E. Carlson, et al.

Screening for potential pathways of drug-supplement interactions between AHCC® and common medications

IJNF. 2018; 4(5): 32-36.

Marie-Francoise Doursout, et al.

Active hexose correlated compound modulates LPS-induced hypotension and gut injury in rats

Int Immunopharmacol. 2016; 39: 280-286.

Cristina Mascaraque, et al.

Active hexose correlated compound exerts therapeutic effects in lymphocyte driven colitis

Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014; 58(12): 2379-82.

高成準ら

Effects of AHCC® on Immune and Stress Responses in Healthy Individuals

J Evid Based Integr Med. 2018; 23: 2156587218756511.

Natalia V Mikhailichenko, et al.

An open label trial of a standardized extract of cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (ECLM) in children with refractory epilepsy

FFHD. 2019; 9(3): 145-156.

Young-Ju Song, et al.

AHCC Supplementation Attenuates Muscle Atrophy via Akt Activation in Hindlimb-suspended Rat

Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2019; 24: 476-482.

上山庸佑ら

Active Hexose Correlated Compound Has Protective Effects in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury of the Rat Small Intestine

J Surg Res. 2019; 243: 265-273.

中竹利知ら

Protective effects of active hexose correlated compound in a rat model of liver injury after hepatectomy

FFHD. 2016; 6(11): 702-717.

奥山哲矢ら

Active Hexose Correlated Compound Extends the Lifespan and Increases the Thermotolerance of Nematodes

FFHD. 2013; 3(6):166-182.

若命浩二ら

DNA microarray analysis of gene expression changes in ICR mouse liver following treatment with active hexose correlated compound

Integr Mol Med. 2016; 3(3): 739-744.

Hyangkyoung Kim, et al.

Effect of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) in Alcohol-Induced Liver Enzyme Elevation

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2014; 60(5): 348-56.

藤井創ら

Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity evaluation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC)

Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011; 59(2): 237-50.

三浦健人

未病と機能性食品　薬局に期待される役割

日本未病学会雑誌. 2022; 28(2): 43-48.

Jun-Young Choi

Complementary Therapy for Improvement of Quality of Life in Cancer Patients

J Korean Med Assoc. 2008; 51(5): 435-448.

Min Sun Shin, et al.

The Effects of AHCC®, a Standardized Extract of Cultured Lentinura edodes Mycelia, on Natural Killer and T Cells in Health and Disease: Reviews on Human and Animal Studies

J Immunol Res. 2019; 2019: 3758576

西岡浩ら

AHCCの自然免疫増強作用

メディカル・サイエンス・ダイジェスト. 2009; 35(6): 241-244.

Philippa J Cheetham, et al.

Diet and prostate cancer – a holistic approach to management

Arch Esp Urol. 2011; 64(8): 720-34.

Francesco Di Pierro, et al.

Possible therapeutic role of a highly standardized mixture of active compounds derived from cultured Lentinula edodes mycelia (AHCC) in patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus

Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2020; 66(2): 172-176.

三栖茉奈美ら

AHCC®の多様な機能性 ～症例報告～

New Food Industry. 2017; 59(2): 14-21.

堀内大ら

コンパニオンアニマルにおける補完代替医療とAHCC®，GCP®

CAP. 2012; 4: 53-57.

西澤孝志ら

βグルカンよりもαグルカン（担子菌由来AHCC 配合リキッド）がマクロファージを活性化させる　～担がん動物への展望～

CAP. 2011 Apr.

小沼守ら

当院の犬皮膚科におけるサプリメント療法

小動物臨床. 2008; 27(6): 340-346.

上山泰男

食品AHCCの機能性について―基礎と臨床―

南方資源利用技術研究会誌. 2011; 27(1): 1-8.

西澤幹雄ら

Assessment of anti-inflammatory effects of Japanese Kampo medicine versus functional foods

FFHD. 2019; 9(2): 79-91.

西岡浩ら

担子菌培養抽出物（AHCC®）の多様な機能性

メディカル・サイエンス・ダイジェスト. 2019; 45(2): 127-130.

若命浩二

菌類培養液の研究と機能性開発

アグリバイオ. 2017; 1(4): 438-442.

Robert M Hackman, et al.

Forecasting Nutrition Research in 2020

J Am Coll Nutr. 2014; 33(4): 340-6.

Catherine Ulbricht, et al.

An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration

J Diet Suppl. 2013; 10(3): 264-308.

Shinil K Shah, et al.

An Evidence-Based Review of a Lentinula edodes Mushroom Extract as Complementary Therapy in the Surgical Oncology Patient

J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011; 35(4): 449-58.

Barry W Ritz

Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) and Immune Outcomes in Humans: A Review

Natural Medicine Journal. 2011; 3(1): 3-7.

三浦健人ら

Basic and Clinical Studies on Active Hexose Correlated Compound

Biotechnology in Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. 2010: 51-58.

三浦健人ら

AHCCの基礎と臨床　―最近の話題―

日本補完代替医療学会誌. 2009; 6(1): 1-7.

北館健太郎

AHCCの抗がん活性増強と副作用軽減効果

FOOD STYLE 21. 2008; 132: 69-72.